Aging & cancer: An enzyme protects chromosomes from oxidative damage

EPFL scientists have identified a protein that caps chromosomes during cell division and protects them from oxidative damage and shortening, which are associated with aging and cancer. When cells divide, they pack up all of their genetic material in the tightly wrapped chromosomes. The ends of our chromosomes have a unique structure, named a telomere. Replication of telomeres requires specialized mechanisms, which adult organisms only have in a small number of cells. This means that chromosomes become shorter over time, limiting the lifespan of cells and contributing to aging. Telomeres are also very sensitive to oxidative damage, which affects their ability to replicate. EPFL scientists have now discovered a protein that associates with chromosomes during cell division and protects their tips from oxidative damage.