The discovery of a new kind of cell revolutionizes neuroscience

The identification of the molecular machinery required for the rapid release of neurotransmitters has led to the discovery of a new type of functional cell in the brain. The newly discovered cells have the characteristics and shape of astrocytes - different subtypes are visualized here by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus - but function more like neurons with the ability to release the neurotransmitter glutamate © Telley/Volterra, Unil A research team from the University of Lausanne and the Wyss Center has discovered a new type of cell essential to brain function. Hybrid in composition and function between the two hitherto known types of brain cells - neurons and glial cells - these cells of a new order are found in several brain regions from mice to humans. The study, published in the journal Nature, shows that they facilitate memorization and movement control, and counteract the onset of epileptic seizures. Neuroscience is undergoing a major upheaval. The two main families of cells that make up the brain - neurons and glial cells - were secretly hiding a hybrid cell, halfway between these two categories. It is well known that the brain functions essentially thanks to neurons and their ability to rapidly elaborate and transmit information through their networks.